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The Florida Holocaust Museum: History, Heritage and Hope Permanent Exhibition

London Charter and Charges

The four victorious powers, the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, issued the London Agreement and the Charter, which laid out the principals for the jurisdiction of the International Military Tribunal.  Defendants were tried for some or all of the following charges:

  1. Conspiracy: Leaders, organizers instigators, and accomplices participating in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any persons in execution of such plan;

  2. Crimes against Peace: namely, planning preparation, initiation, or waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing;

  3. War Crimes: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war.  Such violations shall include, but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment, or deportation to slave labor or for any other purpose of civilian populations of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity;

  4. Crimes Against Humanity; namely, murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhuman acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war; or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.

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  1. Nuremberg guards
  2. Hermann Goering on the stand
  3. Audio File 135 - The Aftermath