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The Florida Holocaust Museum: History, Heritage and Hope Permanent Exhibition

White Rose German resistance

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6. Boxcar ring
13. Warsaw residents read German leaflet In spite of extreme terror, Poland had one of the largest underground resistance movements in Europe, which actively opposed the Nazis throughout the war. Its largest operation was the Warsaw Uprising (Aug. 1, 1944 - Oct. 2, 1944), which was quashed by the Germans after 63 days of fighting. Over 180,000 civilians and over 18,000 insurgents were killed. Surviving residents of Warsaw were forced to leave the city and sent to labor and concentration camps. In the picture: a group of residents read a German leaflet.
15. Warsaw ghetto health care

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National Resistance
France
The French Resistance, the collective name used for resistance movements and networks that fought against Nazi occupation, played a valuable role in facilitating the Allies' rapid advance through France by providing military intelligence and coordinating acts of sabotage. The Free French Forces (FFL), led by General Charles de Gaulle, continued fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Numbering over 400,000 strong, FFL forces assisted the Allied invasion of Normandy and eventually led the drive towards Paris, liberating the city on August 25, 1944.

Listen to a fragment of Marie Silverman's testimony. Marie was helped by the French Resistance during the Holocaust:

Czechoslovakia
In May 1942, the Czech resistance assassinated Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi Protector of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the chief of the "Final Solution." The Nazi regime killed over 15,000 Czech civilians and completely destroyed the towns of Lidice and Ležáky in retaliation.
Belgium
On April 19, 1943, members of the Belgian resistance movement stopped a prisoner convoy train transporting more than 1,600 Jews and other prisoners from Belgium to Auschwitz, allowing some of the prisoners to escape.
Poland
One of two of the main Polish resistance movements, the Armia Krajowa (AK), or "the Home Army," formed at the beginning of the Nazi occupation, and shared political links with the Polish government-in-exile, based in London. Responsible for intensive economic and armed sabotage, the AK carried out thousands of armed raids and intelligence operations, bombed railway shipments, and provided some support to the Warsaw ghetto fighters during the ghetto's uprising. The AK initiated the Warsaw Uprising on August 1, 1944 as a final attempt to seize control from the Nazis so that Polish underground civil authorities could take power before the Soviets arrived. The Nazis responded by ruthlessly terrorizing and murdering civilians to break the resistance of the insurgents. After fighting for 63 days, Nazi authorities forced the Poles to capitulate on October 2. Over 18,000 insurgents and 180,000 civilians lost their lives in the uprising, after which Warsaw was razed to the ground.
Germany
The "White Rose" movement, one of the few German resistance organizations, was founded by a group of University of Munich students, including Sophie Scholl, her brother Hans Scholl, Alex Schmorell, Willi Graf, and Christoph Probst (not shown in the photo), and a philosophy professor, Kurt Huber. Advocating tolerance and justice, the White Rose movement rejected the militarism and tyranny of the Third Reich. They prepared and distributed six different leaflets, in which the group implored German citizens to resist the Nazi regime and condemn the persecution of Jews and other societal groups. Sophie, Hans, and Christoph were arrested and beheaded in February 1943, and other members were executed or imprisoned later in the year.