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Chelmno
In the spring of 1942, the SS opened three killing centers to implement Operation Reinhard, the plan to exterminate approximately two million Jews in the Generalgouvernement (German-occupied Poland). Deportations of Jews, Poles, and Roma from Lublin and Lvov to the Belzec killing center lasted until December 1942. In June 1943, the SS plowed over the site and built a manor house to disguise the site as a farm.
Gassing operations were carried out at the Sobibor and Treblinka camps from mid-1942 until their closing in November 1943. Jews from Lublin, Warsaw, occupied Soviet territory, Germany, Austria, and other countries arrived in freight trains regularly. The SS confiscated all valuables, and then ordered the deportees to undress and run directly into gas chambers deceptively labeled as showers. Camp authorities sealed the doors and pumped carbon monoxide into the chamber, killing everyone inside. The bodies were removed from the gas chambers and buried in mass graves.
Between March 1942 and November 1943, more than 1.5 million people died in the Operation Reinhard killing centers. The only survivors, numbering approximately 300, escaped during the uprisings at Treblinka and Sobibor.
